Melanoma is a very serious form of skin cancer that can occur in any part of your body. It begins in the cells which produce melanin (melanocytes). Melanin helps in controlling the pigment of the skin. And often, a change in an existing mole or the appearance of a new mole or spot can be cause for concern. According to the WHO 132,000 cases of melanoma are recognized worldwide and as such, it becomes important to know about its causes.
Causes of melanoma skin cancer
Sunburn: Blistering sunburns, one or more, which are severe, can increase chances of melanoma.
Moles: Having a lot of moles, more than 50 on the body indicates that there may be an increased risk of melanoma. Moreover, having an unusually shaped and colored or larger type of mole (known as dysplastic nevi) increases the risk of melanoma.
Skin: People with a fair complexion have less melanin, which means that they get less protection from damaging UV radiation. This increases chances of melanoma even though melanoma can occur in people with a darker complexion as well.
Location: People who live closer to the equator take in higher amounts of UV radiation since the sun’s rays are more direct here, and are hence prone to this disease. On the contrary, people who live in higher latitude areas take in less of those rays. But people who live at a higher elevation can also get exposed to more UV radiation from the sun.
UV exposure: Excessive UV exposure in the form of UV radiation can also increase chances of melanoma as well as other forms of skin cancer. Prolonged exposure to the sun and using tanning beds and lights can lead to UV radiation.
Genetics: Having a family history of melanoma means that you will also be at a greater risk of getting it.
Weak immune systems: People with a weak immune system such as those who have been affected with HIV AIDS or are recovering from a surgery are also at an increased risk of getting skin cancer.
Here are some habits which can increase the risk of melanoma.
- Staying exposed to the sun when it is at its peak, which is around 10 am to 4 pm.
- Using tanning beds often.
- Not using proper broad brimmed hats with UV blocking sunglasses while going out. Wearing clothes that reveal most of your body when out in the sun.
- Not using a sunscreen lotion or cream when you are outside or not using the right SPF.
- Not applying sunscreen after indulging in water sports or activities.
- Not teaching children about the dangers of sun exposure can make them prone to this disease.
- Not examining your body for unusual spots or moles regularly. Checking your neck, toes, soles, feet, and other areas is especially necessary.
