Almost everyone suffers from constipation at one point of time or the other. In most cases, it relieves itself within a few days. Constipation that lasts for more than 3 weeks can be termed as chronic constipation. In such cases, medical intervention is usually needed. Treatment for constipation depends largely on the factors causing it. To diagnose this condition, the doctor may need to perform a physical examination and take certain tests such as blood tests, a defecography, an MRI, a colonic transit study and balloon expulsion test.
Basic treatments
The first stage of treatment for constipation typically involves lifestyle changes. Patients are advised to eat a wholesome diet that is rich in fiber. This bulks up the waste material. In addition, the amount of water being consumed must be increased. Water helps the waste move through the intestines and softens stool, thus making it easier to expel. Regular exercise can also help treat constipation.
In addition to regular exercises, the doctor may prescribe a few specific exercises to increase the strength of the pelvic muscles. This is also known as biofeedback training. This training involves working with a physiotherapist and a few devices to train the pelvic muscles to contract and expand as needed. This may involve inserting a catheter into the rectum which must be held and released by tightening and relaxing the pelvic floor muscles. A machine will gauge the amount of muscle tension being exerted.
If such lifestyle changes do not help the situation to improve, medication or surgery may be recommended.
Medication
Laxatives are commonly used to treat constipation. There are many different types of laxatives available. These medicines make bowel movements smoother and are available over the counter. Laxatives can take the form of fiber supplements, stimulants, cosmetics, lubricants and stool softeners.
- Fiber supplements
These medicines add bulk to fecal matter. - Stimulants
These medicines help the intestinal muscles contract so as to make bowel movement easier. - Osmotics
These medicines help fluid to move through the intestines. - Lubricants
These medicines enable the fecal matter to move through the colon smoothly. - Stool softeners
These medicines draw water from the intestines to make stool softer.
The above medicines may be taken orally. Certain types of medicines may need to be inserted through the rectum. These medicines are called suppositories.
Enemas may also help soften stool. An enema may be given with tap water or with chemicals.
In case of more chronic conditions such as constipation caused by irritable bowel syndrome, prescription medication may be given.
Surgery
If medication also does not help relieve constipation, surgery may be needed. This is usually recommended in cases where constipation is caused by a blockage in the colon or rectum. This could be in the form of an anal fissure, a rectocele or a stricture. In cases of recurrent constipation, the doctor may advise a surgical procedure of the removal of a part of the colon.
In most cases, a simple change in diet and water consumption is enough to relieve constipation. Hence, if you face this problem, take a good look at your diet and then consult a doctor.
