Eczema is not a merely a single skin condition, but it is a group of skin conditions. It can affect children as well as adults, and it is characterized by inflammation of the skin, redness, and itchiness. Children have a higher risk of suffering from eczema as compared to adults. They may outgrow the disease, or it may continue into their adult years.
The exact cause of eczema is not known. It is believed that a combination of genetics and environmental factors increases a person’s risk of developing eczema. Some of the common factors that can trigger an eczema flare-up include stress, extreme heat or cold, sweat, dry air, wool, soap, or synthetic fibers. Individuals who suffer from eczema typically have higher than normal IgE antibody (immunoglobulin E) levels and lowered immunity levels. This makes it difficult for the body to fight back against bacterial, viral, and fungal infections. Certain types of behavior can also contribute toward the development of eczema. For example, wetting and drying the skin frequently as can be seen in professions that require washing hands frequently can cause eczema. A reaction to preservatives in moisturizers and other such skin products can also cause eczema.
There are seven main types of eczema. Each of these is caused by different factors.
Atopic dermatitis
This is the most common type of eczema, and it is often accompanied by hay fever and asthma. This type of eczema is caused by a combination of genetics, dryness in the skin, a weakened immune system and environmental triggers.
Contact dermatitis
Contact dermatitis is caused by an allergic reaction to substances that come in contact with your skin. The most common factors that can trigger such a condition are soaps, detergents, jewelry, paint, bleach, latex, perfumes, poison ivy, and skin care products.
Dyshidrotic eczema
Dyshidrotic eczema is typically caused by an allergy, exposure to chromium salts, cobalt or nickel, prolonged exposure to stress and damp hands or feet.
Hand eczema
Hand eczema only affects the individual’s hands. It is caused by exposing the hands to chemicals irritants. Hairdressers, housekeepers, laundrymen, and people involved in healthcare are at a high risk of hand dermatitis.
Neurodermatitis
Usually, neurodermatitis is observed among people suffering from other types of eczema. The exact cause of this type of eczema is unknown but stress is considered a trigger factor.
Nummular eczema
Nummular eczema appears very different from other types of eczema. It may be triggered by an allergic reaction to chemicals or metals or an insect bite. It may also be caused by dry skin or other underlying types of eczema.
Stasis dermatitis
Stasis dermatitis is usually seen in people who suffer from blood flow problems in their calves and feet. It is typically accompanied by varicose veins.
Eczema can come and go. It is not considered a very serious health condition but it can be quite uncomfortable. Hence if you notice any of the above symptoms for an extended period of time, you should consult a dermatologist as soon as possible.
